General description
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are glycolipids,[1] a
combination of carbohydrate units linked with single or multiple fatty acids
that are found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.[2] The LPS is
an essential component of the outer membrane and the LPS structure is composed
of lipid A, a glucosamine-based phospholipid, a short-core oligosaccharide, and
an O-antigen, a distal polysaccharide.[3]
Application
Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O55:B5
has been used:
- to
stimulate hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells[4]
- to
stimulate the spleen and study the expression of the Malitaf gene
in the fish blunt snout bream[5]
- as
part of the concanavalin A (ConA) and D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide
(D-GalN/LPS) model of fulminant hepatitis to study the effect of the
natural compound hesperetin[6]
- to
check the cell viability of human chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stem
cells (hCMSCs) by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay[7]
- to
induce oligodendrocyte toxicity to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of
few compounds[8]
- to
induce sarcopenia in rats to evaluate the antioxidant effects of
curcumin-loaded hydrophobic surface-modified hydroxyapatite[9]
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of
the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate
cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member
of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common
pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) sets up a protective permeability
barrier that blocks the entry of antibiotics and bile salts, which make
Gram-negative bacteria innately resistant. LPS is involved in bacterial
pathogenicity as the host immune system primarily encounters the LPS component
of the bacteria. LPS is an endotoxin and a highly immunogenic antigen that can
enhance the immune system. The lipid A of LPS stimulates host cells via
toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4).[1]
Other Notes
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For optimal reconstitution of LPS products, an intensive
vortex is required before use, regardless of the container type. Ensure that
the storage solution concentration is at least 1 mg/ml. While borosilicate
(silanized) containers are recommended, polypropylene (PP) plastic containers
may also be used.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range
of Lipopolysaccharides for your research, we
encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.
